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Table I

Mean values (± standard error) for diversity indices for each forest type: Richness, Shannon diversity index (H), Simpson diversity index (D), and F and p results from ANOVA. Different superscript letters indicate significant differences between values (Fisher’s test at p < 0.05) (means with different letters are significantly different). Pine plantations have greater species richness values and higher diversity indices than natural forests.

Oak forest Beech forest Pine plantation F p
Richness 24.29 ± 2.25 24.29 ± 7.18 24.71 ± 7.72 0.44 0.640
Diversity H 2.93 ± 0.57 ab 2.21 ± 1.01 a 3.02 ± 0.16 b 7.28 0.005
Diversity D 0.92 ± 0.19 a 0.59 ± 0.26 b 0.99 ± 0.09 a 8.02 0.003