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Table III

Differences among and within populations for the studied traits. Differences among populations were estimated from the Lsmeans of the populations (as population was considered as a fixed effect), whereas differences within populations were estimated from the Blups of the families. All differences (= maximum – minimum) were estimated with the transformed variables (normal score).

Among Within
populations populations
Field traits
Bud burst in 2006 (BB06) 1.43 0.32
Leaf fall in 2006 (LF06) 0.98 0.32
Injury traits
Stem damage in spring (SD1) 1.20 0.17
Terminal bud damage in spring (TB1) 1.40 0.54
Dead lateral bud percentage in spring (DBP1) 1.35 0.66
Stem damage in autumn (SD2) 0.54 0.05
Terminal bud damage in autumn (TB2) 0.57 0.06
Dead lateral bud percentage in autumn (DBP2) 0.65 0.30