Partial redundancy analysis (pRDA) ordination diagram, plotting sample (gap) scores (small symbols) and class centroids of forest management types (large symbols) along with 10 taxa having the best fit. Distances between sample scores and between centroids correspond to Euclidean distances. Envelopes are drawn around samples of each management type, with sample scores represented as symbols (CeF = down triangle, CoM = circle, NaF = square). Axes 1 and 2 are constrained: management type is used as the explanatory variable. The percentage of variance in the floristic dataset (52 taxa) explained by each axis is indicated in brackets. Management-neutral (MN) gap characteristics as well as management-sensitive (MS) gap characteristics are used as covariables.