Ecology of Armillaria species on silver fir (Abies alba) in the Spanish Pyrenees

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Table IV

Ecological and management factors with significant differences amongst Armillaria species present in Pyrenean silver fir (Abies alba) plots.

	p > F	A. ostoyae	A. cepistipes	A. gallica
Ecological

Elevation (m)	0.002	1680 (1426–1924) a	1423 (1294–1551) b	1038 (816–1260) b
Nitrogen index ¹	0.023	3.62 (2.87–4.38) b	4.67 (4.26–5.08) ab	5.03 (4.34–5.71) a
pH	0.012	4.82 (4.12–5.50) b	5.14 (4.78–5.50) b	6.15 (5.52–6.77) a

Management

Silver fir defoliation (%)	0.034	1.2 (0.0–32.3) b	18.9 (10.0–24.2) a	9.2 (2.6–28.8) ab
Silver fir dynamics index ²	0.066	0.28 (–0.13–0.69) b	0.73 (0.51–0.94) ab	0.93 (0.55–1.30) a

Note: Equal letter within a row implies non-significant differences between means at p < 0.05(LSD). Confidence intervals at 95% are shown in brackets.

Nitrogen index ranges from 0 to 9 (Ellenberg et al., 1991). Lower numbers mean lower nitrogen availability.

Values higher than 1 mean recession of A. alba, values of 1 mean maintenance of species mixture, values from 0 to 1 mean A. alba BA increase.