Land-use and climate change effects in forest compositional trajectories in a dry Central-Alpine valley

Free Access

Table II

Statistical significance of environmental variables used in Redundancy Analyses: series of best fitting variables according to stepwise manual forward selection with increasing sums of explained total variances, and explained variances of the environmental variables if used singly. F- and p-values resulted from Monte-Carlo permutation (n = 499).

			Manual forward selection			Single variables

			% var.	F-value	p-value	% var.	F-value	p-value
	All
		*Altitude	0.232	92.80	0.002	0.230	92.80	0.002
		*Northness	0.288	24.48	0.002	0.022	7.00	0.002
		*Calcareous	0.326	16.89	0.002	0.107	37.05	0.002
		*Eastness	0.336	4.73	0.004	0.011	3.50	0.038
		*Combination	0.342	2.87	0.024	0.007	2.26	0.064
		*Slope	0.348	2.87	0.022	0.015	4.05	0.014
		Litter	0.352	1.51	0.188	0.005	1.60	0.182
		Grazing	0.352	0.24	0.966	0.002	0.51	0.666

< 1200 m a.s.l.
		*Calcareous	0.071	9.23	0.004	0.071	9.32	0.004
		*Altitude	0.137	9.13	0.002	0.065	8.44	0.004
		*Northness	0.190	7.89	0.002	0.035	4.44	0.008
		*Eastness	0.224	5.08	0.002	0.017	2.15	0.092
		*Combination	0.243	2.98	0.028	0.009	1.15	0.268
		*Slope	0.261	2.80	0.026	0.005	0.91	0.412
		Grazing	0.267	0.86	0.444	0.010	1.16	0.256
		Litter	0.271	0.64	0.608	0.007	0.63	0.596

> 1200 m a.s.l.
		*Altitude	0.176	39.56	0.002	0.176	39.56	0.002
		*Northness	0.262	21.30	0.002	0.066	13.08	0.002
		*Calcareous	0.293	8.18	0.002	0.075	15.0	0.002
		*Slope	0.304	2.73	0.024	0.014	2.65	0.034
		Eastness	0.310	1.61	0.140	0.006	1.17	0.266
		Combination	0.315	1.40	0.226	0.009	1.74	0.146
		Litter	0.323	2.13	0.068	0.008	1.40	0.212
		Grazing	0.330	0.51	0.75	0.006	1.07	0.350