Free Access
Issue |
Ann. For. Sci.
Volume 57, Number 7, October/November 2000
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 635 - 649 | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/forest:2000147 |
References
-
- 1
- Adams G.W., Morgenstern E.K., Multiple-trait selection in jack pine, Can. J. For. Res. 21 (1991) 439-445.
- 2
- Beaudoin R., Variabilité phénotypique et corrélations juvéniles-adultes chez les pins gris de la provenance "Briand'', Mémoire de recherche forestière n 109, Direction de la Recherche et du Développement, Ministère de l'Énergie et des Ressources, Québec, 1993.
- 3
- Bella I.E., Spacing effects 20 years after planting three conifers in Manitoba, Forest Management Note No. 39, Northern Forestry Centre, Can. For. Serv., 1986.
- 4
- Bella I.E., DeFranceschi J.P., Spacing effects 15 years after planting three conifers in Manitoba, Inf. Rep. NOR-X-223, Northern Forest Research Centre, Can. For. Serv., 1980.
- 5
- Brand D.G., The establishment of boreal and sub-boreal conifer plantations: an integrated analysis of environmental conditions and seedling growth, For. Sci. 37 (1991) 68-100.
- 6
- Calvert R.F., Armson K.A., The growth response of young jack pine to nitrogen and phosphorus, Can. J. For. Res. 5 (1980) 529-538.
- 7
- Cannell M.G.R., Rothery P., Ford E.D., Competition within stands of Picea sitchensis and Pinus contorta, Ann. Bot. 53(1984) 349-362.
- 8
- Ceulemans R., Stettler R.F., Hinckley T.M., Isebrands J.G., Heilman, P.E., Crown architecture of Populus clones as determined by branch orientation and branch characteristics, Tree Physiol. 7 (1990) 157-167.
- 9
- Colin F., Houllier F., Branchiness of Norway spruce in northeastern France: predicting the main crown characteristics from usual tree measurements, Ann. Sci. For. 49 (1992) 511-538.
- 10
- Erickson R.O., Modeling of plant growth, Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 27 (1976) 407-434.
- 11
- Farrar R.M., Jr. 1984. Crown ratio used as a surrogate for form in a volume equation for natural longleaf pine stems, in: Shoulders, E., (Ed.), Proceedings of the Third Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conference, Atlanta, GA, November 7-8, 1984, Gen. Tech. Rep. SO-54, Southern For. Exp. Stn., USDA Forest Service, New Orleans, Louisiana, 1984, pp. 429-435.
- 12
- Fitter A.H., Hay R.K.M., Environmental Physiology of Plants, 2nd ed., Academic Press, Toronto, 1987.
- 13
- Ford E.D., An ecological basis for predicting the growth and stability of plantation forests, in: Ford E.D., Malcolm D.C., Atterson J. (Eds.), The Ecology of Even-aged Forest Plantations, Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 1979, pp. 147-174.
- 14
- Ford E.D., The dynamics of plantation growth, in: Bowen G.D., Nambiar E.K.S. (Eds.), Nutrition of Plantation Forests, Academic Press, London, 1984, pp. 17-52.
- 15
- Gleeson S.K., Tilman D.. Plant allocation, growth rate and successional status, Funct. Ecol. 8 (1994) 543-550.
- 16
- Goldberg D.E. 1990. Components of resource competition in plant communities, in: Grace J.B., Tilman D. (Eds.), Perspectives on Plant Competition, Academic Press, New York, pp. 27-49.
- 17
- Harper J.L., Population Biology of Plants, Academic Press, London, 1977.
- 18
- Hunt R., Plant Growth Curves: the Functional Approach to Plant Growth Analysis, Edward Arnold (Publishers) Limited, London, 1982.
- 19
- Hunt R., Basic Growth Analysis, Unwin Hyman Ltd, London, 1990.
- 20
- Janas P.S., Brand D.G., Comparative growth and development of planted and natural stands of jack pine, For. Chron. 64 (1988) 320-328.
- 21
- Kalra Y.P., Maynard D.C., Methods manual for forest soil and plant analysis, Inf. Rep. NOR-X-319, Northern Forestry Centre, Forestry Canada, 1991.
- 22
- Kaufmann M.R., Ryan M.G., Physiographic, stand, and environmental effects on individual tree growth and growth efficiency in subalpine forests, Tree Physiol. 2 (1986) 47-59.
- 23
- Kaufmann M.R., Watkins R.K., Characteristics of high- and low-vigor lodgepole pine trees in old-growth stands, Tree Physiol. 7 (1990) 239-246.
- 24
- Kuuluvainen T., Crown architecture and stemwood production in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), Tree Physiol. 4 (1988) 337-346.
- 25
- Kuuluvainen T. 1991. The effect of two growth forms of Norway spruce on stand development and radiation interception: a model analysis. Trees (Berl.) 5: 171-179.
- 26
- Kuuluvainen T., Pukkala T., Effect of crown shape and tree distribution on the spatial distribution of shade, Agric. For. Meteorol. 40 (1987) 215-231.
- 27
- Larocque G.R., Marshall P.L., Evaluating the impact of competition using relative growth rate in red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) stands, For. Ecol. Manag. 58 (1993) 65-83.
- 28
- Larocque G.R., Marshall P.L., Crown development in red pine stands. I. Absolute and relative growth measures, Can. J. For. Res. 24 (1994a) 762-774.
- 29
- Larocque G.R., Marshall P.L., Crown development in red pine stands. II. Relationships with stem growth, Can. J. For. Res. 24 (1994b) 775-784.
- 30
- LeBlanc P.A., Towill W.D. 1989. Can jack pine productivity in north central Ontario be predicted using multiple regression soil-site equations? Technical Report No. 33, Northwestern Ontario Forest Technology Development Unit, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Thunder Bay.
- 31
- Logan K.T., Growth of tree seedlings as affected by light intensity. II. Red pine, white pine, jack pine and eastern larch, Publication No. 1160. Department of Forestry of Canada, 1966.
- 32
- MacDonald G.B., Morris D.M., Marshall P.L., Assessing components of competition indices for young boreal plantations, Can. J. For. Res. 20 (1990) 1060-1068.
- 33
- MacDonald G.B., Weetman G.F., Functional growth analysis of conifer seedling responses to competing vegetation, For. Chron. 69 (1993) 64-70.
- 34
- Magnussen S., Smith V.G., Yeatman C.W., Tree size, biomass, and volume growth of twelve 34-year-old Ontario jack pine provenances, Can. J. For. Res. 15 (1985) 1129-1136.
- 35
- Magnussen S., Yeatman C.W., Early testing of jack pine. II. Variance and repeatability of stem and branch characters, Can. J. For. Res. 17 (1987) 460-465.
- 36
- Margolis H.A., Brand D.G., An ecophysiological basis for understanding plantation establishment, Can. J. For. Res. 20 (1990) 375-390.
- 37
- Morris D.M., Forslund R.R., A field-oriented competition index for young jack pine plantations and a computerized decision tool for vegetation management, New For. 5 (1991) 93-107.
- 38
- Morris D.M., Bowling C., Hills S.C., Growth and form responses to pre-commercial thinning regimes in aerially seeded jack pine stands: 5th year results, For. Chron. 70 (1994) 780-787.
- 39
- Morris D.M., MacDonald G.B., McClain K.M., Evaluation of morphological attributes as response variables to perennial competition for 4-year-old black spruce and jack pine seedlings, Can. J. For. Res. 20 (1990) 1696-1703.
- 40
- Morris D.M., MacDonald G.B., Development of a competition index for young conifer plantations established on boreal mixedwood sites, For. Chron. 67 (1991) 403-410.
- 41
- Morris D.M., Parker W.H., Variable-quality form in mature jack pine stands: quantification and relationship with environmental factors, Can. J. For. Res. 22 (1992) 279-289.
- 42
- Morrison I.K., Foster N.W., Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and magnesium fertilizers on growth of a semimature jack pine forest, northwestern Ontario, For. Chron. 71 (1995) 422-425.
- 43
- Munson A.D., Timmer V.R., Soil nitrogen dynamics and nutrition of pine following silvicultural treatments in boreal and Great Lakes-St. Lawrence plantations, For. Ecol. Manag. 76 (1995) 169-179.
- 44
- Noland T.L., Mohammed G.H., Scott M., The dependence of root growth potential on light level, photosynthetic rate, and root starch content in jack pine seedlings, New For. 13 (1997) 105-119.
- 45
- Norgren O. Growth analysis of Scots pine and lodgepole pine seedlings, For. Ecol. Manag. 86 (1996) 15-26.
- 46
- Payandeh, B., Sutton R.F., Modeling early plantation performance: identification of critical factors, Scand. J. For. Res. 4 (1989) 75-86.
- 47
- Perry D.A., The competition process in forest stands, in: Cannell M.G.R., Jackson J.E. (Eds.), Attributes of Trees as Crop Plants, Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Huntingdon, England, 1985, pp. 481-506.
- 48
- Pöykkö V.T., Pulkkinen P.O., Characteristics of normal-crowned and pendula spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) examined with reference to the definition of a crop tree ideotype, Tree Physiol. 7 (1990) 201-207.
- 49
- Radosevich S.R., Osteryoung K.,. Principles governing plant-environment interactions, in: Walstad J.D., Kuck P.J. (Eds.), Forest Vegetation Management for Conifer Production, Wiley, New York, 1987, pp. 105-156.
- 50
- Reed D.D., Mroz G.D., Liechty H.O., Jones E.A., Cattelino P.J., Balster N.J., Zhang Y., Above- and below-ground biomass of precompetitive red pine in northern Michigan, Can. J. For. Res. 25 (1995) 1064-1069.
- 51
- Roberts S.D., Long J.N., Smith F.W., Canopy stratification and leaf area efficiency: a conceptualization, For. Ecol. Manage. 60 (1993) 143-156.
- 52
- Ryan M.G., Sapwood volume for three subalpine conifers: predictive equations and ecological implications, Can. J. For. Res. 19 (1989) 1397-1401.
- 53
- SAS Institute Inc., SAS/STATR User's Guide, Version 6, Fourth Edition, Vol. 2, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, 1989.
- 54
- Schmidt M.G., Carmean W.H.., Jack pine site quality in relation to soil and topography in north central Ontario, Can. J. For. Res. 18 (1987) 297-305.
- 55
- Schmitt J., Eccleston J., Ehrhardt D.W., Dominance and suppression, size-dependent growth and self-thinning in a natural Impatiens capensis population. J. Ecol. 75 (1987) 651-665.
- 56
- Sheedy G., Essai de fertilisation dans une jeune plantation de pin gris. Résultats de cinq ans, mémoire n 83, Service de la recherche, Min. de l'Énergie et des Ressources, Gouv. du Québec, 1982.
- 57
- Sheppard L.J., Ford E.D., Genetic and environmental control of crown development in Picea sitchensis and its relation to stem wood production, Tree Physiol. 1 (1986) 341-352.
- 58
- Smith C.R.. Precommercial thinning in jack pine with particular reference to experiments in northeastern Ontario. In: Smith C.R., Brown G. (Eds.), Jack Pine Symposium, 18-20 Oct. 1983, Timmins, Ont., COJFRC Symposium Proceedings O-P-12, Great Lakes For. Res. Centre, Can. For. Serv., Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, 1984, pp. 122-130.
- 59
- Sprinz P.T., Burkhart H.E., Relationships between tree crown, stem, and stand characteristics in unthinned loblolly pine plantations, Can. J. For. Res. 17 (1987) 534-538.
- 60
- Stewart J.D., Hoddinott J., Photosynthetic acclimation to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and UV irradiation in Pinus banksiana, Physiol. Plant. 88 (1993) 493-500.
- 61
- St-Pierre H., Gagnon R., Bellefleur P., Régénération après feu de l'épinette noire (Picea mariana) et du pin gris (Pinus banksiana) dans la forêt boréale, Québec, Can. J. For. Res. 22 (1992) 474-481.
- 62
- Swan H.S.D., Relationship between nutrient supply, growth and nutrient concentrations in the foliage of black spruce and jack pine. Woodlands Pap. No. 19, Pulp Pap. Res. Inst. Can., Montréal, 1970.
- 63
- Wang Y.P., Jarvis P.G., Influence of crown structural properties on PAR absorption, photosynthesis, and transpiration in Sitka spruce: application of a model (MAESTRO), Tree Physiol. 7 (1990) 297-316.
- 64
- Waring R.H., Thies W.G., Muscato D., Stem growth per unit of leaf area: a measure of tree vigor, For. Sci. 26 (1980) 112-117.
- 65
- Waring R.H., Newman K., Bell J.,. Efficiency of tree crowns and stemwood production at different canopy leaf densities, Forestry 54 (1981) 129-137.
Abstract
Copyright INRA, EDP Sciences