Free Access
Issue |
Ann. For. Sci.
Volume 63, Number 1, January-February 2006
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 43 - 53 | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/forest:2005096 | |
Published online | 28 January 2006 |
References of Ann. For. Sci. 63 43-53
- Ackerly D.D., Bazzaz F.A., Seedling crown orientation and interception of diffuse radiation in tropical forest gaps, Ecology 76 (1995) 1134-1146.
- Anderson M.C., Studies of the woodland light climate. II. Seasonal variation in the light climate, J. Ecol. 52 (1964) 643-663.
- Baldocchi D.D., Hutchison B.A., Matt D.R., McMillen R.T., Seasonal variations in the radiation regime within an oak-hickory forest, Agric. For. Meteorol. 33 (1984) 177-191 [CrossRef].
- Black T.A., Chen J.M., Lee X., Sagar R.M., Characteristics of shortwave and longwave irradiances under a Douglas-fir forest stand, Can. J. For. Res. 21 (1991) 1020-1028.
- Brunger A.P., Hooper F.C., Anisotropic sky radiance model based on narrow field of view measurements of shortwave radiance, Solar Energy 51 (1993) 53-64 [CrossRef].
- Canham C.D., Growth and canopy architecture of shade-tolerant trees: response to canopy gaps, Ecology 69 (1988) 786-795.
- Canham C.D., Coates K.D., Bartemucci P., Quaglia S., Measurement and modeling of spatially explicit variation in light transmission through interior cedar-hemlock forests of British Columbia, Can. J. For. Res. 29 (1999) 1775-1783 [CrossRef].
- Canham C.D., Denslow J.S., Platt W.J., Runkle J.R., Spies T.A., White P.S., Light regimes beneath closed canopies and tree-fall gaps in temperate and tropical forests, Can. J. For. Res. 20 (1990) 620-631.
- Canham C.D., Finzi A.C., Pacala S.W., Burbank D.H., Causes and consequences of resource heterogeneity in forests: interspecific variation in light transmission by canopy trees, Can. J. For. Res. 24 (1994) 337-349.
- Chazdon R.L., Field C.B., Photographic estimation of photosynthetically active radiation: evaluation of a computerized technique, Oecologia 73 (1987) 525-532 [CrossRef].
- Chen J.M., Canopy architecture and remote sensing of the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by boreal conifer forests, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing 34 (1996) 1353-1367 [CrossRef].
- Clarck D.A., Clarck D.B., Life history diversity of canopy and emergent trees in a neotropical rain forest, Ecol. Monogr. 62 (1992) 315-344.
- Clearwater M.J., Gould K.S., Leaf orientation and light interception by juvenile Pseudopanax crassifolius (Cunn.) C. Koch in a partially shaded forest environment, Oecologia 104 (1995) 363-371 [CrossRef].
- Easter M.J., Spies T.A., Using hemispherical photography for estimating photosynthetic photon flux density under canopies and in gaps in Douglas-fir forests of the Pacific Northwest, Can. J. For. Res. 24 (1994) 2050-2058.
- Endler J.A., The color of light in forests and its implications, Ecol. Monogr. 63 (1993) 1-27.
- Fielder P., Comeau P., Construction and testing of an inexpensive PAR sensor, Res. Br., Min. For., Victoria, BC. Work.-Pap. 53/2000, 2000.
- Frazer G.W., Canham C.D., Lertzman K.P., Gap Light Analyzer (GLA): Imaging software to extract canopy structure and gap light transmission indices from true-colour fisheye photographs, users manual and program documentation, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, and the Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, New York, 1999.
- Gendron F., Messier C., Comeau P.G., Temporal variations in the understorey photosynthetic photon flux density of a deciduous stand: the effects of canopy development, solar elevation, and sky conditions, Agric. For. Meteorol. 106 (2001) 23-40 [CrossRef].
- Grace J., The directional distribution of light in natural and controlled environment conditions, J. Appl. Ecol. 8 (1971) 155-164.
- Grant R.H., Ultraviolet and photosynthetically active bands: plane surface irradiance at corn canopy base, Agron. J. 83 (1991) 391-396.
- Grant R.H., Heisler G.M., Gao W., Photosynthetically-active radiation: sky radiance distributions under clear and overcast conditions, Agric. For. Meteorol. 82 (1996) 267-292 [CrossRef].
- Hutchison B.A., Matt D.R., McMillen R.T., Effects of sky brightness distribution upon penetration of diffuse radiation through canopy gaps in a deciduous forest, Agric. Meteorol. 22 (1980) 137-147 [CrossRef].
- Kucharik C.J., Norman J.M., Gower S.T., Measurements of leaf orientation, light distribution and sunlit leaf area in a boreal aspen forest, Agric. For. Meteorol. 91 (1998) 127-148 [CrossRef].
- Kuuluvainen T., Tree architectures adapted to efficient light utilization: is there a basis for latitudinal gradients? Oikos 65 (1992) 275-284.
- Lieffers V.J., Messier C., Stadt K.J., Gendron F., Comeau P.G., Predicting and managing light in the understory of boreal forests, Can. J. For. Res. 29 (1999) 796-811 [CrossRef].
- Messier C., Parent S., Bergeron Y., Effects of overstory and understory vegetation on the understory light environment in mixed boreal forests, J. Veg. Sci. 9 (1998) 511-520.
- Monteith J.L., Unsworth M.H., Radiation environment, in: Principles of environmental physics, 2nd ed., Edward Arnold, London, 1990, pp. 36-57.
- Moon P., Spencer D.E., Illumination from a non-uniform sky, Trans. Illum. Eng. Soc. 37 (1942) 707-726.
- O'Connell B.M., Kelty M.J., Crown architecture of understory and open-grown white pine (Pinus strobus L.) saplings, Tree Physiol. 14 (1994) 89-102 [PubMed].
- Reifsnyder W.E., Furnival G.M., Horowitz J.L., Spatial and temporal distribution of solar radiation beneath forest canopies, Agric. Meteorol. 9 (1971) 21-37.
- Rosen M.A., Hooper F.C., Brunger A.P., The characterization and modelling of the diffuse radiance distribution under partly cloudy skies, Solar Energy 43 (1989) 281-290 [CrossRef].
- Ross J., The radiation regime and architecture of plant stands, Dr W. Junk Publishers, The Hague, 1981.
- Ross M.S., Flanagan L.B., La Roi G.H., Seasonal and successional changes in light quality and quantity in the understory of boreal forest ecosystems, Can. J. Bot. 64 (1986) 2792-2799.
- Rouvinen S., Kuuluvainen T., Structure and asymmetry of tree crowns in relation to local competition in a natural mature Scots pine forest, Can. J. For. Res. 27 (1997) 890-902 [CrossRef].
- Scherrer B., Biostatistique, Gaëtan Morin, Canada, 1984.
- Sokal R.R., Rohlf F.J., Biometry. The principles and practice of statistics in biological research, 2nd ed., W.H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco, 1981.
- Spies T.A., Franklin J.F., Klopsch M., Canopy gaps in Douglas-fir forests of the Cascade Mountains, Can. J. For. Res. 20 (1990) 649-658.
- Sprugel D.G., The relationship of evergreenness, crown architecture, and leaf size, Am. Nat. 133 (1989) 465-479 [CrossRef].
- Stenberg P., Simulations of the effects of shoot structure and orientation on vertical gradients in intercepted light by conifer canopies, Tree Physiol. 16 (1996) 99-108 [PubMed].
- Steven M.D., Standard distributions of clear sky radiance, Quart. J. R. Met. Soc. 103 (1977) 457-465 [CrossRef].
- Steven M.D., Unsworth M.H., The angular distribution and interception of diffuse solar radiation below overcast skies, Quart. J. R. Met. Soc. 106 (1980) 57-61 [CrossRef].
- Stone J.N., MacKinnon A.P.J.V., Lertzman K.P., Coarse woody debris decomposition documented over 65 years on southern Vancouver Island, Can. J. For. Res. 28 (1998) 788-793 [CrossRef].
- Takenaka A., Analysis of light transmissivity of forest canopies with a telephoto method, Agric. For. Meteorol. 40 (1987) 359-369 [CrossRef].
- Vales D.J., Bunnell F.L., Relationships between transmission of solar radiation and coniferous forest stand characteristics, Agric. For. Meteorol. 43 (1988) 201-223 [CrossRef].