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Appendix 2

Parameters and adjusted-R2 for AR models and effective sample size (n′) calculated from both AR and Markov models. All AR models were highly significant (p-value < 0.001). Model parameters significance was indicated by: (***) p < 0.001; (**) p < 0.01; (*) p < 0.05; (n.s.) p > 0.05. Initial sample size (n) was 1000 in all the transects.

Transect code AR model parameters AdjR 2 n


α1 α2 ϕ1 ϕ2 AR Markov
PF-1 0.698∗∗∗ –0.390∗∗∗ 0.198∗∗∗ 0.042∗ 0.75 410 440
PF-2 0.569∗∗∗ –0.226∗∗ 0.380∗∗∗ –0.092 n.s. 0.79 600 475
PF-3 0.669∗∗∗ –0.238∗∗ 0.322∗∗∗ –0.117∗ 0.77 350 345
RPF-1 0.648∗∗∗ –0.401∗∗∗ 0.146∗∗∗ 0.047 n.s. 0.54 750 565
RPF-2 0.611∗∗∗ –0.23∗∗ 0.149∗ 0.049 n.s. 0.51 925 725
RPF-3 0.885∗∗∗ –0.282∗∗∗ 0.107∗ –0.002 n.s. 0.72 890 495
20 WF-1 0.828∗∗∗ –0.281∗∗∗ 0.159∗∗∗ –0.011 n.s. 0.77 385 790
20 WF-2 0.756∗∗∗ –0.326∗∗∗ 0.193∗∗∗ –0.032 n.s. 0.59 1450 875
5 WF-1 0.596∗∗∗ –0.136∗ 0.198∗∗∗ –0.056∗ 0.59 1525 1580
5 WF-2 1.164∗∗∗ –0.471∗∗∗ 0.049 n.s. –0.022 n.s. 0.75 1020 565