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Table I
Study sites description (means ± 1 SE of data from three plots). Different letters indicate significant differences between the three diversity levels; p < 0.05.
| Site structure | DL 1 | DL 2 | DL 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Shannon Index H′ (No. of stems) | 0.3 ± 0.1 c | 1.1 ± 0.1 b | 1.6 ± 0.1 |
| Mean number of tree genera per plot | 3 ± 0.9 b | 5 ± 0.7 ab | 6 ± 0.7 a |
| Basal area (m2ha−1) | 41 ± 2.8 a | 39 ± 3.7 a | 36 ± 2.4 a |
| Stem density (> 7 cm dbh) (ha−1) | 291 ± 69 a | 581 ± 101 a | 397 ± 39 a |
| Mean age of canopy trees (yr) | 148 ± 25 a | 85 ± 6.5 b | 100 ± 8.4 ab |
| Mean tree height (m)* | 35.7 ± 1.5 a | 28.7 ± 0.6 b | 26.7 ± 0.4 b |
| Height/diamenter (HD value) (m m−2)* | 73.5 ± 2.5 a | 84.6 ± 4.5 a | 75.1 ± 3.2 a |
| Leaf area index (m2m−2) | 6.4 ± 0.3 a | 6.9 ± 0.3 a | 7.1 ± 0.5 a |
| Mean crown area (m2)* | 55.9 ± 10 a | 36.7 ± 6.9 a | 51.2 ± 1.9 a |
| Mean crown diameter (m)* | 8.0 ± 0.8 a | 6.5 ± 0.6 a | 7.5 ± 0.2 a |
| Height of crown base (m)* | 18.5 ± 0.6 a | 14.7 ± 0.9 b | 13.5 ± 0.2 b |
| Total canopy cover (%) | 85.5 ± 1.5 b | 90.8 ± 0.6 a | 89.3 ± 1.5 a |
| Fagus (% of total canopy cover) | 96.1 ± 1.9 a | 67.1 ± 3.5 b | 21.4 ± 13 c |
| Tilia (% of total canopy cover) | 0.8 ± 0.8 b | 13.1 ± 5.3 ab | 40.3 ± 11 a |
| Fraxinus (% of total canopy cover) | 0.5 ± 0.5 a | 14.2 ± 3.9 a | 10.7 ± 4.3 a |
| Acer (% of total canopy cover) | 0.9 ± 0.4 b | 4.5 ± 1.0 b | 8.5 ± 1.3 a |
| Carpinus (% of total canopy cover) | 0.0 ± 0.0 b | 0.0 ± 0.0 b | 14.7 ± 5.2 a |
| Others (% of total canopy cover) | 1.7 ± 1.7 a | 1.0 ± 1.0 a | 4.5 ± 2.9 a |
*
Dominant and co-dominant trees, class 1 and 2 after Kraft (1884).