Free Access
Issue
Ann. For. Sci.
Volume 59, Number 3, April 2002
Page(s) 255 - 264
DOI https://doi.org/10.1051/forest:2002021

References

  1. Bigras F.J., D'Aoust A.L., Hardening and dehardening of shoots and roots of containerized black spruce and white spruce seedlings under short and long days, Can. J. For. Res. 22 (1992) 388-396.
  2. Bigras F.J., Gonzalez A., D'Aoust A.L., Hebert C., Frost hardiness, bud phenology and growth of containerized Picea mariana seedlings grown at three nitrogen levels and three temperature regimes, New For. 12 (1996) 243-259.
  3. Binnie S.C., Grossnickle S.C., Roberts D.R., Fall acclimation patterns of interior spruce seedlings and their relationship to changes in vegetative storage proteins, Tree Physiol. 14 (1994) 1107-1120.
  4. Birchler T.M., Rose R., Haase D.L., Fall fertilization with N and K: Effects on Douglas-Fir seedling quality and performance, West. J. Applied For. 16 (2001) 71-79.
  5. Blake J., Zaerr J., Hee S., Controlled moisture stress to improve cold hardiness morphology of Douglas-fir seedlings, For. Sci. 25 (1979) 576-582.
  6. Burdett A.N., Physiological processes in plantation establishment and the development of specifications for forest planting stock, Can. J. For. Res. 20 (1990) 415-427.
  7. Calmé S., Margolis H., Bigras F.J., Influence of cultural practices on the relationship between frost tolerance and water content of containerized black spruce, white spruce, and jack pine seedlings, Can. J. For. Res. 23 (1993) 503-511.
  8. Colombo S.J., Bud dormancy status, frost hardiness, shoot moisture content, and readiness of black spruce container seedlings for frozen storage, J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 115 (1990) 302-307.
  9. Colombo S.J., Frost hardening spruce container stock for overwintering in Ontario, New For. 13 (1997) 449-467.
  10. Colombo S.J., Glerum C., Webb D.P., Winter hardening in first-year black spruce (Picea mariana) seedlings, Physiol. Plant. 76 (1989) 1-9.
  11. Colombo S.J., Zhao S., Blumwald E., Frost hardiness gradients in shoots and roots of Picea mariana seedlings, Scand. J. For. Res. 10 (1995) 32-36.
  12. Coursolle C., Bigras F.J., Margolis H.A., Hébert C., Dehardening and second-year growth of white spruce provenances in response to duration of long-night treatments, Can. J. For. Res. 27 (1997) 1168-1175.
  13. D'Aoust A.L., Hubac C., Phytochrome action and frost hardening in black spruce seedlings, Physiol. Plant. 67 (1986) 141-144.
  14. DeHayes D.H., Ingle M.A., Waite C.E., Nitrogen fertilization enhances cold tolerance of red spruce seedlings, Can. J. For. Res. 19 (1989) 1037-1043.
  15. Flaig H., Mohr H., Assimilation of nitrate and ammonium by the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedling under conditions of high nitrogen supply, Physiol. Plant. 84 (1992) 568-576.
  16. Gleason J.F., Duryea M., Rose R., Atkinson M., Nursery and field fertilization of 2 + 0 ponderosa pine seedlings: the effect on morphology, physiology, and field performance, Can. J. For. Res. 20 (1990) 1766-1722.
  17. Glerum C., Frost hardiness of coniferous seedlings: principles and applications, in: Proceedings, Evaluating Seedling Quality: Principles, Procedures, and Predictive Abilities of Major Tests, 16-18 Oct. 1984, Corvallis, Oreg., Duryea M.L. (Ed.), Forest Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, 1985, pp. 107-123.
  18. Hüttl R.F., Nutrient supply and fertilizer experiments in view of N saturation, Plant and Soil. 128 (1990) 45-58.
  19. Imo M., Timmer V.R., Nitrogen uptake of mesquite seedlings at conventional and exponential fertilization schedules, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 56 (1992) 927-934.
  20. Imo M., Timmer V.R., Vector diagnosis of nutrient dynamics in mesquite seedlings, For. Sci. 43 (1997) 268-273.
  21. Ingestad T., Mineral nutrient requirements of Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies seedlings, Physiol. Plant. 45 (1979) 373-380.
  22. Ingestad T., Relative addition rate and external concentration; Driving variables used in plant nutrition research, Plant, Cell Environ. 5 (1982) 443-453.
  23. Ingestad T., Lund A.-B., Theory and technique for steady state mineral nutrition and growth of plants, Scand. J. For. Res. 1 (1986) 439-453.
  24. Jobidon R., Charette L., Bernier P.Y., Initial size and competing vegetation effects on water stress and growth of Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP seedlings planted in three different environments, For. Ecol. Manage. 103 (1998) 293-305.
  25. Jonsson A., Ericsson T., Eriksson G., Kahr M., Lundvist K., Norell L., Interfamilly variation in nitrogen productivity of Pinus sylvestris seedlings, Scand. J. For. Res. 12 (1997) 1-10.
  26. Kim Y.T., Glerum C., Free amino acid concentration in red pine needles during three successive autumns, Can. J. For. Res. 18 (1988) 1286-1290.
  27. Klein R.M., Perkins T.D., Myers H.L., Nutrient status and winter hardiness in red spruce foliage, Can. J. For. Res. 19 (1989) 754-758.
  28. Landis T.D., Tinus R.W., McDonald S.E., Barnett J.P., Seedling nutrition and irrigation, Vol. 4, The Container Tree Nursery Manual. Agric. Handbk. 674, Washington, DC: U. S. Dept. Agric., For. Ser., 1989.
  29. Lord D., Morissette S., Allaire J., Influence de l'intensité lumineuse, de la température nocturne de l'air et de la concentration en CO2 sur la croissance de semis d'épinette noire (Picea mariana) produits en récipients en serres, Can. J. For. Res. 23 (1993) 101-110.
  30. Malik V., Timmer V.R., Growth, nutrient dynamics, and interspecific competition of nutrient-loaded black spruce seedlings on a boreal mixedwood site, Can. J. For. Res. 26 (1996) 1651-1659.
  31. Margolis H.A., Brand D.G., An ecophysiological basis for understanding plantation establishment, Can. J. For. Res. 20 (1990) 375-390.
  32. McAlister J.A., Timmer V.R., Nutrient enrichment of white spruce seedlings during nursery culture and initial plantation establishment, Tree Physiol. 18 (1998) 195-202.
  33. Miller B.D., Timmer V.R., Nutrient dynamics and carbon partitioning in nutrient loaded Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P. seedlings during hardening, Scand. J. For. Res. 12 (1997) 122-129.
  34. Quoreshi A.M., Timmer V.R., Early outplanting performance of nutrient-loaded containerized black spruce seedlings inoculated with Laccaria bicolor: a bioassay study, Can. J. For. Res. 30 (2000) 744-752.
  35. Rikala R., Repo T., The effect of late summer fertilization on the frost hardening of second-year Scots pine seedlings, New For. 14 (1997) 33-44.
  36. Ritchie G.A., Dunlap J.R., Root growth potential: Its development and expression in forest tree seedlings, N. Z. J. For. Sci. 10 (1980) 218-248.
  37. SAS Institute Inc., SAS/START user's guide. SAS Inc. Cary, N.Y. 1998.
  38. Sagisaka S., Araki T., Amino acids in perennial plants at the wintering stage and at the beginning of growth, Plant Cell Physiol. 24 (1983) 479-494.
  39. Timmer V.R., Exponential nutrient loading: a new fertilization technique to improve seedling performance on competitive sites, New For. 13 (1997) 279-299.
  40. Timmer V.R., Aidelbaum A.S., Manual for exponential nutrient loading of seedlings to improve outplanting performance on competitive forest sites, Nat. Resour. Can., Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste. Marie, ON. NODA/NFP Tech. Rep. TR-25. 1996.
  41. Timmer V.R., Armstrong G., Growth and nutrition of containerized Pinus resinosa at exponentially increasing nutrient additions, Can. J. For. Res. 17 (1987) 644-647.
  42. Timmer V.R., Munson A.D., Site-specific growth and nutrition of planted Picea mariana in the Ontario Clay Belt. IV. Nitrogen loading response, Can. J. For. Res. 21 (1991) 1058-1065.
  43. van den Dreissche R., Health, vigour and quality of conifer seedlings in relation to nursery soil fertility, in: Proceedings, North American Forest Tree Nursery Soils Workshop, 28 July - 1 Aug. 1980, Syracuse, NY, Abrahamson L.P., Bickelhaupt D.H. (Eds.), College of Environmental Science and Forestry, New York State University, Syracuse, 1980, pp. 100-120.
  44. van den Dreissche R., Ponsford D., Nitrogen induced potassium deficiency in white spruce (Picea glauca) and Engleman spruce (Picea engelmannii) seedlings, Can. J. For. Res. 25 (1995) 1445-1454.
  45. Xu X., Timmer V.R., Biomass and nutrient dynamics of Chinese fir seedlings under conventional and exponential fertilization regimes, Plant and Soil 203 (1998) 313-322.
  46. Xu X., Timmer V.R., Growth and nitrogen nutrition of newly planted Chinese fir seedlings exposed to nutrient loading and fertilizer addition, Plant and Soil 216 (1999) 83-91.

Abstract

Copyright INRA, EDP Sciences