Supplementary Table SI
Comparative characteristics of the studied populations. Seed classification follows current legislation: selected (stands for seed production), qualified and tested seed (seed orchards, SO). Regions of provenance follow current delimitation by the Forestry Services in Portugal and ‘external’ denotes seed sources localized outside the limits of provenance regions. T = annual mean temperature (°C); P = annual cumulative precipitation (mm). Emberger’s pluviothermal index Q3 = 3.43P / (M − m) and bioclimatic classification, where M = mean maximal temperature for the hottest month and m = mean minimal temperature for the coldest month (°C). Climatic data represent 30-year means.
| Region of | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | Seed collection sites (and seed | Altitude | provenance | T | P | |
| code | classification, if known) | (m) | (Portugal) | (°C) | (mm) | Q3 |
| Corsica | Porto Vecchio/Corsica | – | – | 15.7 | 545.7 | 102.8 Subhumid |
| Cuenca | Boniches/Cuenca | 800 | – | 12.6 | 507.0 | 55.4 Semiarid |
| D1097 | Australia – Mullaloo (tested, SO) | – | – | – | – | – |
| Ga82 | Galicia | – | – | 12.6 | 1886.0 | 314.0 Hyperhumid |
| Landes | Lavercantière/Landes | 40 | – | 11.9 | 897.7 | 121.7 Humid |
| Landps62 | CEMAGREF/Landes (tested, SO) | 300 | – | 11.9 | 897.7 | 121.7 Humid |
| Pa18 | Maceda T13/Aveiro (selected) | 80 | V | 15.3 | 861.5 | 154.7 Humid |
| Pas54 | M. da Moita/Alcácer do Sal (selected) | 20 | VIII | 16.3 | 572.8 | 75.9 Subhumid |
| Pb42 | Albagueiras/Bragança (selected) | 800 | external | 12.2 | 742.7 | 91.6 Subhumid |
| Pcse0102 | M. N. Escaroupim (qualified, SO) | 10 | –1 | 15.3 | 577.6 | 82.9 Subhumid |
| Pff03 | P. Foja T11c/Figueira da Foz (selected) | 50 | V | 14.8 | 724.2 | 144.4 Humid |
| Pff06 | P. Urso T145/Figueira da Foz (selected) | 20 | IV | 14.8 | 724.2 | 144.4 Humid |
| Pl20 | Carvalhal/Lousã (selected) | 430 | VI | 13.5 | 1170.8 | 176.9 Hyperhumid |
| Pl24 | Braçal/Lousã (selected) | 250 | VI | 13.5 | 1170.8 | 176.9 Hyperhumid |
| Pl26 | S. Pedro Dias/Lousã (selected) | 410 | VI | 13.5 | 1170.8 | 176.9 Hyperhumid |
| Pm33 | Anta T14/Monção (selected) | 310 | I | 14.7 | 1189.7 | 170.7 Hyperhumid |
| Pm34 | Anta T45/Monção (selected) | 370 | I | 14.7 | 1189.7 | 170.7 Hyperhumid |
| Pm36 | Anta T23/Monção (selected) | 500 | I | 14.7 | 1189.7 | 170.7 Hyperhumid |
| Pma29 | Verdelhos/Manteigas (selected) | 750 | VI | 12.9 | 1629.2 | 216.6 Hyperhumid |
| Pma30 | More/Manteigas (selected) | 630 | VI | 12.9 | 1629.2 | 216.6 Hyperhumid |
| Pmb39 | Arjuiz/Mondim de Basto (selected) | 480 | II | 13.4 | 1111.5 | 145.5 Humid |
| Pmc43 | Chacim/M. de Cavaleiros (selected) | 680 | II | 12.5 | 639.8 | 81.3 Subhumid |
| Pmg12 | T54a/M. N. Leiria (selected) | 20 | IV | 14.7 | 806.4 | 140.4 Humid |
| Pmg46 | T199/M. N. Leiria (selected) | 20 | IV | 14.7 | 806.4 | 140.4 Humid |
| Pmg52 | T164/M. N. Leiria (selected) | 55 | IV | 14.7 | 806.4 | 140.4 Humid |
| Pmt40 | C. Pondres/Montalegre (selected) | 690 | external | 9.9 | 1487.0 | 220.8 Hyperhumid |
| Ps45 | Monserrate/Sintra (selected) | 250 | PAR-C2 | 14.8 | 993.5 | 204.1 Hyperhumid |
| Psp02 | Covelinho/S. Pedro do Sul (selected) | 700 | III | 12.2 | 2337.3 | 372.9 Hyperhumid |
| Sn5063 | Australia-Joondalup (qualified, SO) | – | – | – | – | – |
| Sn7901 | Australia-Mullaloo (qualified, SO) | – | – | – | – | – |