Climate diagrams for the Speulderbos (NL) (left) and Freienwalde (GER) (right). The bars represent monthly mean precipitation and the lines monthly mean temperature for the period 1958–2002.

Scheme of the 4C model adapted from Kint et al. (2009). Further model description in Section 2.2.

Mean annual number of days where tree water demand exceeds soil water supply for the Speulderbos (left) and Freienwalde (right). Black bars for Douglas-fir and grey bars for beech. The scenario realisation codes are explained in Table III.

Change in proportion of basal area covered by beech in relation to the initialised proportion for the Speulderbos (left) and Freienwalde (right).